IIJC
English

2 Timothy 1

The second letter takes up the opening of the first but changes its words — ‘genuine child’ becomes ‘beloved child’, ‘according to the command’ becomes ‘according to the promise of life’. Paul thanks the God he has served from his forebears, remembers Timothy’s tears night and day and longs to see him. A faith without hypocrisy dwelt in grandmother Lois and mother Eunice before Timothy; so rekindle the gift given by the laying on of hands — the spirit God gave is not one of cowardice but of power, love and sound-mindedness. Be ashamed neither of the Lord’s testimony nor of Paul the prisoner; suffer hardship together with the gospel. That gospel is grace given before eternal times and now manifested in the saviour’s appearing, death abolished, life and imperishability brought into the light. Paul suffers as its herald and is not ashamed — he knows whom he has believed and who will guard the deposit until that day. Timothy must hold the outline of healthy words and guard the deposit through the Spirit. All Asia turned away; Onesiphorus was not ashamed of the chain and sought Paul out in Rome — mercy to his house.

1
Παῦλος ἀπόστολος ⸂Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ⸃ διὰ θελήματος θεοῦ κατ’ ἐπαγγελίαν ζωῆς τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ
Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus through the will of God, according to the promise of life that is in Christ Jesus,
first here Christ Χριστός Christos
first here Jesus Ἰησοῦς Iēsous
2
Τιμοθέῳ ἀγαπητῷ τέκνῳ· χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη ἀπὸ θεοῦ πατρὸς καὶ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν.
to Timothy, beloved child: grace, mercy, peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord.
3
Χάριν ἔχω τῷ θεῷ, ᾧ λατρεύω ἀπὸ προγόνων ἐν καθαρᾷ συνειδήσει, ὡς ἀδιάλειπτον ἔχω τὴν περὶ σοῦ μνείαν ἐν ταῖς δεήσεσίν μου, νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας
I thank God, whom I serve from my forebears with a clean conscience, as I have the remembrance of you unceasing in my supplications, night and day
4
ἐπιποθῶν σε ἰδεῖν, μεμνημένος σου τῶν δακρύων, ἵνα χαρᾶς πληρωθῶ
longing to see you, remembering your tears, so that I may be filled with joy,
5
ὑπόμνησιν ⸀λαβὼν τῆς ἐν σοὶ ἀνυποκρίτου πίστεως, ἥτις ἐνῴκησεν πρῶτον ἐν τῇ μάμμῃ σου Λωΐδι καὶ τῇ μητρί σου Εὐνίκῃ, πέπεισμαι δὲ ὅτι καὶ ἐν σοί.
having received a reminder of the faith without hypocrisy that is in you, which dwelt first in your grandmother Lois and your mother Eunice, and I am persuaded that it is in you also.
Why this rendering

2Tim.1.5 Observation

Syntactic observation

Παῦλος ἀπόστολος ⸂Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ⸃ διὰ θελήματος θεοῦ κατ’ ἐπαγγελίαν ζωῆς τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ Τιμοθέῳ ἀγαπητῷ τέκνῳ· χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη ἀπὸ θεοῦ πατρὸς καὶ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν. Χάριν ἔχω τῷ θεῷ, ᾧ λατρεύω ἀπὸ προγόνων ἐν καθαρᾷ συνειδήσει, ὡς ἀδιάλειπτον ἔχω τὴν περὶ σοῦ μνείαν ἐν ταῖς δεήσεσίν μου, νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας ἐπιποθῶν σε ἰδεῖν, μεμνημένος σου τῶν δακρύων, ἵνα χαρᾶς πληρωθῶ ὑπόμνησιν λαβὼν τῆς ἐν σοὶ ἀνυποκρίτου πίστεως, ἥτις ἐνῴκησεν πρῶτον ἐν τῇ μάμμῃ σου Λωΐδι καὶ τῇ μητρί σου Εὐνίκῃ, πέπεισμαι δὲ ὅτι καὶ ἐν σοί — Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus through the will of God, according to the promise of life that is in Christ Jesus, to Timothy, beloved child: grace, mercy, peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord. I thank God, whom I serve from my forebears with a clean conscience, as I have the remembrance of you unceasing in my supplications, night and day longing to see you, remembering your tears, so that I may be filled with joy, having received a reminder of the faith without hypocrisy that is in you, which dwelt first in your grandmother Lois and your mother Eunice, and I am persuaded that it is in you also. ⸂Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ⸃ ‘of Christ Jesus’ — the Received Text has the other order · διὰ θελήματος θεοῦ ‘through the will of God’ — the opening of Col 1:1 · 1 Tim 1:1 had ‘according to the command’ · κατ’ ἐπαγγελίαν ζωῆς ‘according to the promise of life’ — taking up 1 Tim 4:8 ‘promise of the life’ · whether it attaches to the apostleship or to the greeting is left open. ἀγαπητῷ τέκνῳ ‘beloved child’ — 1 Tim 1:2 had γνησίῳ ‘genuine’ · the two letters change the word · χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη ‘grace, mercy, peace’ — the same three as 1 Tim 1:2 (the letters to assemblies have two) · without conjunctions. Χάριν ἔχω ‘I thank’ — the phrase of 1 Tim 1:12 · ᾧ λατρεύω ἀπὸ προγόνων ‘whom I serve from my forebears’ — 1 Tim 5:4 ‘forebears’ (two places in the New Testament) · the verb of Rom 1:9 ‘whom I serve in my spirit’ · ἐν καθαρᾷ συνειδήσει ‘with a clean conscience’ — the phrase of 1 Tim 3:9 · ὡς ἀδιάλειπτον ἔχω τὴν περὶ σοῦ μνείαν ‘as I have the remembrance of you unceasing’ — Rom 9:2 ‘unceasing’ · the adjective form of Rom 1:9 ‘how unceasingly I make remembrance of you’ · ἐν ταῖς δεήσεσίν μου ‘in my supplications’ · νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας ‘night and day’ — the base text puts a comma before it and attaches it to v.4 ‘longing to see you’ · other editions attach it to the supplications · the verse division falls between the two · the grain of 1 Thess 3:10 ‘night and day … praying’. ἐπιποθῶν σε ἰδεῖν ‘longing to see you’ — the words of 1 Thess 3:6 ‘longing to see’ · μεμνημένος σου τῶν δακρύων ‘remembering your tears’ — perfect participle · which tears the text does not say · ἵνα χαρᾶς πληρωθῶ ‘so that I may be filled with joy’ — passive · ὑπόμνησιν ⸀λαβών ‘having received a reminder’ — aorist participle (the Received Text present) · the noun of John 14:26 ὑπομιμνῄσκω ‘remind’ (three places in the New Testament — two in 2 Peter) · what reminded him the text does not say · ἀνυποκρίτου πίστεως ‘faith without hypocrisy’ — the phrase of 1 Tim 1:5 · ἥτις ἐνῴκησεν πρῶτον ‘which dwelt first in’ — Rom 8:11 ‘dwell in’ · one verb with v.14, the Spirit ‘who dwells in us’ · μάμμῃ ‘grandmother’ (once in the New Testament) · Λωΐς · Εὐνίκη ‘Lois · Eunice’ — two names found only here · Acts 16:1 ‘a believing Jewish woman’ had no name · πέπεισμαι δὲ ὅτι καὶ ἐν σοί ‘and I am persuaded that it is in you also’ — Rom 8:38 ‘I am persuaded’ (perfect passive) · again at v.12.

Rendering options · 4

Adopted
“night and day” at the end of v.3, attached to v.4 ‘longing to see you’

Basis The base text’s comma stands after δεήσεσίν μου — ‘night and day’ goes with the next participle · the verse break falls between, so the words stay at the end of v.3.

“in my supplications night and day”

Basis Other editions’ punctuation — the grain of 1 Thess 3:10 ‘night and day … praying’.

Rejected The base text’s comma is not moved · the other path is recorded here.

Adopted
“beloved child” — a different word from 1 Tim 1:2 ‘genuine child’

Basis ἀγαπητῷ ↔ γνησίῳ — the two letters’ openings change the word · the word of Col 4:9 ‘beloved brother’.

Adopted
“having received a reminder” — ὑπόμνησιν λαβών as a noun

Basis The noun of John 14:26 ‘remind’ — ‘being reminded’ would drop ‘received’ · what reminded him is left open.

Lost in translation

νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας (vv.3-4) — attaching to the supplications or to the longing. The base text’s comma attaches it forward, the verse division backward · kept at the end of v.3, readable both ways.

Survives in · this edition — 2 of the nine carry it (this language among them)

ἀγαπητῷ (v.2) / 1 Tim 1:2 γνησίῳ — ‘beloved / genuine’ show the two letters’ different words.

Survives in · this edition — 2 of the nine carry it (this language among them)

ἐνῴκησεν (v.5) / ἐνοικοῦντος (v.14) — faith dwelling · the Spirit dwelling. ‘Dwell in’ keeps one verb.

Survives in · this edition — 2 of the nine carry it (this language among them)

ὑπόμνησιν (v.5) / John 14:26 ὑπομνήσει — ‘reminder / remind’ keep the root.

Survives in · this edition — 2 of the nine carry it (this language among them)

χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη (v.2) — three with no conjunction · as 1 Tim 1:2. Commas keep it.

Survives in · this edition — 2 of the nine carry it (this language among them)

κατ’ ἐπαγγελίαν ζωῆς (v.1) — attaching to the apostleship or to the greeting. Set between commas, left open.

Survives in · this edition — 2 of the nine carry it (this language among them)
6
δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν ἀναμιμνῄσκω σε ἀναζωπυρεῖν τὸ χάρισμα τοῦ θεοῦ, ὅ ἐστιν ἐν σοὶ διὰ τῆς ἐπιθέσεως τῶν χειρῶν μου·
For which cause I remind you to rekindle the gift of grace of God, which is in you through the laying on of my hands;
7
οὐ γὰρ ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν ὁ θεὸς πνεῦμα δειλίας, ἀλλὰ δυνάμεως καὶ ἀγάπης καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ.
for God did not give us a spirit of cowardice, but of power and love and sound-mindedness.
8
Μὴ οὖν ἐπαισχυνθῇς τὸ μαρτύριον τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν μηδὲ ἐμὲ τὸν δέσμιον αὐτοῦ, ἀλλὰ συγκακοπάθησον τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ κατὰ δύναμιν θεοῦ,
So do not be ashamed of the testimony of our Lord, nor of me his prisoner, but suffer hardship together with the gospel according to the power of God,
9
τοῦ σώσαντος ἡμᾶς καὶ καλέσαντος κλήσει ἁγίᾳ, οὐ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα ἡμῶν ἀλλὰ κατὰ ἰδίαν πρόθεσιν καὶ χάριν, τὴν δοθεῖσαν ἡμῖν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων,
who saved us and called us with a holy calling, not according to our works but according to his own purpose and grace, which was given to us in Christ Jesus before eternal times,
10
φανερωθεῖσαν δὲ νῦν διὰ τῆς ἐπιφανείας τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν ⸂Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ⸃, καταργήσαντος μὲν τὸν θάνατον φωτίσαντος δὲ ζωὴν καὶ ἀφθαρσίαν διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου,
but has now been manifested through the appearing of our saviour Jesus Christ, who abolished death and gave light to life and imperishability through the gospel,
Why this rendering

2Tim.1.10 Observation

Syntactic observation

δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν ἀναμιμνῄσκω σε ἀναζωπυρεῖν τὸ χάρισμα τοῦ θεοῦ, ὅ ἐστιν ἐν σοὶ διὰ τῆς ἐπιθέσεως τῶν χειρῶν μου· οὐ γὰρ ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν ὁ θεὸς πνεῦμα δειλίας, ἀλλὰ δυνάμεως καὶ ἀγάπης καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ. Μὴ οὖν ἐπαισχυνθῇς τὸ μαρτύριον τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν μηδὲ ἐμὲ τὸν δέσμιον αὐτοῦ, ἀλλὰ συγκακοπάθησον τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ κατὰ δύναμιν θεοῦ, τοῦ σώσαντος ἡμᾶς καὶ καλέσαντος κλήσει ἁγίᾳ, οὐ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα ἡμῶν ἀλλὰ κατὰ ἰδίαν πρόθεσιν καὶ χάριν, τὴν δοθεῖσαν ἡμῖν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων, φανερωθεῖσαν δὲ νῦν διὰ τῆς ἐπιφανείας τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, καταργήσαντος μὲν τὸν θάνατον φωτίσαντος δὲ ζωὴν καὶ ἀφθαρσίαν διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου — For which cause I remind you to rekindle the gift of grace of God, which is in you through the laying on of my hands; for God did not give us a spirit of cowardice, but of power and love and sound-mindedness. So do not be ashamed of the testimony of our Lord, nor of me his prisoner, but suffer hardship together with the gospel according to the power of God, who saved us and called us with a holy calling, not according to our works but according to his own purpose and grace, which was given to us in Christ Jesus before eternal times, but has now been manifested through the appearing of our saviour Jesus Christ, who abolished death and gave light to life and imperishability through the gospel. δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν ‘for which cause’ — v.6 and v.12 · Titus 1:5·13 · Acts 10:21 ‘cause’ · ἀναμιμνῄσκω σε ‘I remind you’ — 1 Cor 4:17 ‘remind’ (active) · ἀναζωπυρεῖν ‘to rekindle’ (once in the New Testament — Luke 22:55 πῦρ ‘fire’ is inside it · the word for reviving embers) · τὸ χάρισμα τοῦ θεοῦ … διὰ τῆς ἐπιθέσεως τῶν χειρῶν μου ‘the gift of grace of God … through the laying on of my hands’ — 1 Tim 4:14 ‘the gift of grace in you … with the laying on of the hands of the eldership’ · there ‘with’ (μετά) the eldership’s hands, here ‘through’ (διά) mine · the two places are not harmonised. πνεῦμα δειλίας ‘a spirit of cowardice’ — δειλία once in the New Testament · the noun of the adjective in Matt 8:26 ‘Why are you cowardly’ · πνεῦμα is this version’s ‘spirit’ as always (not ‘mind’ or ‘disposition’) · four genitives hang on one ‘spirit’ — δυνάμεως καὶ ἀγάπης καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ ‘of power and love and sound-mindedness’ · σωφρονισμός once — the family of 1 Tim 2:9 σωφροσύνη ‘right mind’ · Rom 12:3 σωφρονέω ‘be of a right mind’ · the ending names the making-sound side. Μὴ οὖν ἐπαισχυνθῇς ‘So do not be ashamed’ — Rom 1:16 ‘be ashamed’ · three times in this chapter (vv.8 · 12 · 16) · τὸ μαρτύριον τοῦ κυρίου ‘the testimony of our Lord’ — testimony about the Lord or borne by him, left open · 1 Tim 2:6 ‘testimony’ · τὸν δέσμιον αὐτοῦ ‘his prisoner’ — the genitive of Eph 3:1 ‘the prisoner of Christ Jesus’ kept · συγκακοπάθησον τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ ‘suffer hardship together with the gospel’ — here and 2:3 (two places in the New Testament — both in this letter) · whether the partner of συν- is the dative ‘gospel’ or ‘me’ is left open · 2:9 κακοπαθέω ‘suffer hardship’ with συν- · κατὰ δύναμιν θεοῦ ‘according to the power of God’. τοῦ σώσαντος … καὶ καλέσαντος κλήσει ἁγίᾳ ‘who saved us and called us with a holy calling’ — two aorist participles · a cognate dative (call with a calling — Eph 4:1 ‘the calling with which you were called’) · οὐ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα ἡμῶν ἀλλὰ κατὰ ἰδίαν πρόθεσιν καὶ χάριν ‘not according to our works but according to his own purpose and grace’ — Rom 9:12 ‘not from works but from the one who calls’ · Eph 1:11 ‘purpose’ · τὴν δοθεῖσαν ἡμῖν … πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων ‘which was given to us … before eternal times’ — with Titus 1:2 the only two in the New Testament · the grace was ‘given’ before the times · φανερωθεῖσαν δὲ νῦν ‘but has now been manifested’ — the grain of Col 1:26 ‘but now was manifested’ · the pair hidden/manifested · διὰ τῆς ἐπιφανείας τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν ⸂Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ⸃ ‘through the appearing of our saviour Jesus Christ’ — 1 Tim 6:14 ‘appearing’ was the coming still ahead; here the coming already past · one word · in 1 Timothy ‘saviour’ is God’s four times, here Christ’s · the Received Text has the other order · καταργήσαντος μὲν τὸν θάνατον ‘who abolished death’ — the verb of 1 Cor 15:26 ‘the last enemy, death, is abolished’ · φωτίσαντος δὲ ζωὴν καὶ ἀφθαρσίαν ‘and gave light to life and imperishability’ — the verb of 1 Cor 4:5 ‘will give light to the hidden things of the dark’ · the object is what the light falls on and shows · 1 Cor 15:42·53 ‘imperishability’ · μέν … δέ ‘abolished … and gave light’ · διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου ‘through the gospel’ — taking up v.8 ‘together with the gospel’.

Rendering options · 5

Adopted
“a spirit of cowardice” — πνεῦμα as ‘spirit’

Basis This version keeps πνεῦμα ‘spirit’ everywhere (even 2 Thess 2:8 ‘spirit of his mouth’) — ‘mind’ or ‘disposition’ would collide with the ‘mind’ inside σωφρονισμοῦ.

“a spirit of fear”

Basis The familiar rendering.

Rejected δειλία is cowardice, not φόβος ‘fear’ · ‘mind’ is not the rendering of πνεῦμα.

Adopted
“sound-mindedness” — σωφρονισμός inside its family

Basis One family with 1 Tim 2:9 σωφροσύνη ‘right mind’ · 1 Tim 3:2 σώφρων ‘of right mind’ — ‘self-control’ would borrow the word of ἐγκράτεια.

Adopted
“appearing” — ἐπιφάνεια one word for the coming already past too

Basis 1 Tim 6:14 · 2 Thess 2:8 ‘appearing’ was the coming ahead — the text calls both comings by one word · not ‘coming’ (παρουσία).

Adopted
“gave light to life and imperishability” — φωτίζω as 1 Cor 4:5

Basis 1 Cor 4:5 ‘will give light to the hidden things’ as fixed — the object is what the light shows · ‘bring to light’ would blur into φανερόω (‘manifested’ earlier in v.10).

Lost in translation

ἐπαισχύνομαι (vv.8 · 12 · 16) — ‘ashamed’ three times keeps the chapter’s thread · command · denial · Onesiphorus.

Survives in · this edition — 2 of the nine carry it (this language among them)

σωφρονισμοῦ (v.7) / 1 Tim 2:9 σωφροσύνη — ‘sound-minded / right mind’ share ‘mind’ only.

Survives in · this edition — 2 of the nine carry it (this language among them)

ἀναζωπυρεῖν (v.6) — πῦρ ‘fire’ inside. ‘Rekindle’ carries it.

Survives in · this edition — 2 of the nine carry it (this language among them)

συγκακοπάθησον (v.8) — the partner of συν- the gospel (dative) or me. ‘Together with the gospel’ keeps the dative and leaves it open.

Survives in · this edition — 2 of the nine carry it (this language among them)

καλέσαντος κλήσει (v.9) — cognate dative. ‘Called … with a calling’ carries it.

Survives in · this edition — 2 of the nine carry it (this language among them)

τὸ μαρτύριον τοῦ κυρίου (v.8) — about the Lord or borne by him. ‘The testimony of our Lord’ leaves it open.

Survives in · this edition — 2 of the nine carry it (this language among them)

ἐπιφανείας (v.10) / 1 Tim 6:14 — the coming past and the coming ahead are one word, ‘appearing’.

Survives in · this edition — 2 of the nine carry it (this language among them)
11
εἰς ὃ ἐτέθην ἐγὼ κῆρυξ καὶ ἀπόστολος καὶ ⸀διδάσκαλος.
for which I was set as a herald and apostle and teacher.
12
δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν καὶ ταῦτα πάσχω, ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἐπαισχύνομαι, οἶδα γὰρ ᾧ πεπίστευκα, καὶ πέπεισμαι ὅτι δυνατός ἐστιν τὴν παραθήκην μου φυλάξαι εἰς ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν.
For which cause I also suffer these things; but I am not ashamed, for I know whom I have believed, and I am persuaded that he is able to guard my deposit until that day.
13
ὑποτύπωσιν ἔχε ὑγιαινόντων λόγων ὧν παρ’ ἐμοῦ ἤκουσας ἐν πίστει καὶ ἀγάπῃ τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ·
Have an outline of healthy words which you heard from me, in faith and love that are in Christ Jesus;
14
τὴν καλὴν παραθήκην φύλαξον διὰ πνεύματος ἁγίου τοῦ ἐνοικοῦντος ἐν ἡμῖν.
guard the good deposit through the Holy Spirit who dwells in us.
Why this rendering

2Tim.1.14 Observation

Syntactic observation

εἰς ὃ ἐτέθην ἐγὼ κῆρυξ καὶ ἀπόστολος καὶ διδάσκαλος. δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν καὶ ταῦτα πάσχω, ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἐπαισχύνομαι, οἶδα γὰρ ᾧ πεπίστευκα, καὶ πέπεισμαι ὅτι δυνατός ἐστιν τὴν παραθήκην μου φυλάξαι εἰς ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν. ὑποτύπωσιν ἔχε ὑγιαινόντων λόγων ὧν παρ’ ἐμοῦ ἤκουσας ἐν πίστει καὶ ἀγάπῃ τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ· τὴν καλὴν παραθήκην φύλαξον διὰ πνεύματος ἁγίου τοῦ ἐνοικοῦντος ἐν ἡμῖν — for which I was set as a herald and apostle and teacher. For which cause I also suffer these things; but I am not ashamed, for I know whom I have believed, and I am persuaded that he is able to guard my deposit until that day. Have an outline of healthy words which you heard from me, in faith and love that are in Christ Jesus; guard the good deposit through the Holy Spirit who dwells in us. εἰς ὃ ἐτέθην ἐγὼ κῆρυξ καὶ ἀπόστολος καὶ ⸀διδάσκαλος ‘for which I was set as a herald and apostle and teacher’ — the sentence of 1 Tim 2:7 · there ‘a teacher of nations’, here ‘teacher’ (the Received Text adds ‘of nations’) · ἐγώ is expressed. δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν καὶ ταῦτα πάσχω ‘For which cause I also suffer these things’ — taking up v.6 · what ‘these things’ are the text does not say (v.8 prisoner · v.16 chain) · ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἐπαισχύνομαι ‘but I am not ashamed’ — living the command of v.8 himself · οἶδα γὰρ ᾧ πεπίστευκα ‘for I know whom I have believed’ — a dative relative (whom) · perfect · not ‘what I believe’ · πέπεισμαι ὅτι ‘I am persuaded that’ — taking up v.5 · δυνατός ἐστιν … φυλάξαι ‘he is able to guard’ — the construction of Rom 4:21 ‘he is able also to do’ · τὴν παραθήκην μου ‘my deposit’ — 1 Tim 6:20 ‘the deposit’ · what I entrusted or what was entrusted to me the text does not settle · εἰς ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν ‘until that day’ — v.18 · 4:8 ‘that day’. ὑποτύπωσιν ἔχε ὑγιαινόντων λόγων ‘Have an outline of healthy words’ — 1 Tim 1:16 ‘outline’ (two places in the New Testament) · there Christ’s patience was the outline, here words are · 1 Tim 6:3 ‘healthy words’ · ὧν παρ’ ἐμοῦ ἤκουσας ‘which you heard from me’ — again at 2:2 · ἐν πίστει καὶ ἀγάπῃ τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ ‘in faith and love that are in Christ Jesus’ — the phrase of 1 Tim 1:14. τὴν καλὴν παραθήκην φύλαξον ‘guard the good deposit’ — 1 Tim 6:20 ‘guard the deposit’ with ‘good’ added · v.12 he guards ↔ v.14 you guard — one verb with two subjects · διὰ πνεύματος ἁγίου τοῦ ἐνοικοῦντος ἐν ἡμῖν ‘through the Holy Spirit who dwells in us’ — Rom 8:11 ‘his Spirit dwelling in you’ · one verb with v.5, the faith that ‘dwelt’.

Rendering options · 4

Adopted
“my deposit” — the owner left open

Basis τὴν παραθήκην μου — what I entrusted to him (my life, my work) or what he entrusted to me (the gospel), unsettled · ‘my deposit’ reads both ways.

“what I have entrusted to him”

Basis The familiar reading.

Rejected Closes one genitive one way · v.14 ‘the good deposit’ runs the other way.

Adopted
“he is able to guard” — δυνατός with infinitive as Rom 4:21

Basis The site-rule of Rom 4:21 ‘is able also to do’ — apart from Acts 18:24 ‘mighty’ (bare adjective).

Adopted
“whom I have believed” — the dative relative as a person

Basis ᾧ πεπίστευκα — the dative of John 5:24 ‘believes him who sent me’ · not ‘what’.

Lost in translation

φυλάξαι (v.12) / φύλαξον (v.14) — he guards · you guard. ‘Guard’ keeps one verb.

Survives in · this edition — 2 of the nine carry it (this language among them)

παραθήκην (vv.12 · 14) / 1 Tim 6:20 — ‘deposit’ three times keeps the thread across the two letters.

Survives in · this edition — 2 of the nine carry it (this language among them)

τὴν παραθήκην μου (v.12) — entrusted by me or to me. ‘My deposit’ leaves it open.

Survives in · this edition — 2 of the nine carry it (this language among them)

ᾧ πεπίστευκα (v.12) — dative (whom) and perfect. ‘Whom I have believed’ carries both.

Survives in · this edition — 2 of the nine carry it (this language among them)

ὑποτύπωσιν (v.13) / 1 Tim 1:16 — ‘outline’ twice shows the same word · of patience · of words.

Survives in · this edition — 2 of the nine carry it (this language among them)

ἐτέθην ἐγώ (v.11) — ἐγώ expressed. ‘I was set’ cannot show the emphasis; the pronoun is obligatory.

Survives in · this edition — 1 of the nine carry it (not this language)
15
Οἶδας τοῦτο ὅτι ἀπεστράφησάν με πάντες οἱ ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ, ὧν ἐστιν Φύγελος καὶ Ἑρμογένης.
You know this, that all those in Asia turned away from me, among whom are Phygelus and Hermogenes.
16
δῴη ἔλεος ὁ κύριος τῷ Ὀνησιφόρου οἴκῳ, ὅτι πολλάκις με ἀνέψυξεν, καὶ τὴν ἅλυσίν μου οὐκ ἐπαισχύνθη·
May the Lord give mercy to the house of Onesiphorus, because he often refreshed me and was not ashamed of my chain;
17
ἀλλὰ γενόμενος ἐν Ῥώμῃ ⸀σπουδαίως ἐζήτησέν με καὶ εὗρεν—
but coming to be in Rome he earnestly sought me and found me —
18
δῴη αὐτῷ ὁ κύριος εὑρεῖν ἔλεος παρὰ κυρίου ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ— καὶ ὅσα ἐν Ἐφέσῳ διηκόνησεν, βέλτιον σὺ γινώσκεις.
may the Lord grant him to find mercy from the Lord in that day — and how much he served in Ephesus, you know better.
Why this rendering

2Tim.1.18 Observation

Syntactic observation

Οἶδας τοῦτο ὅτι ἀπεστράφησάν με πάντες οἱ ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ, ὧν ἐστιν Φύγελος καὶ Ἑρμογένης. δῴη ἔλεος ὁ κύριος τῷ Ὀνησιφόρου οἴκῳ, ὅτι πολλάκις με ἀνέψυξεν, καὶ τὴν ἅλυσίν μου οὐκ ἐπαισχύνθη· ἀλλὰ γενόμενος ἐν Ῥώμῃ σπουδαίως ἐζήτησέν με καὶ εὗρεν— δῴη αὐτῷ ὁ κύριος εὑρεῖν ἔλεος παρὰ κυρίου ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ— καὶ ὅσα ἐν Ἐφέσῳ διηκόνησεν, βέλτιον σὺ γινώσκεις — You know this, that all those in Asia turned away from me, among whom are Phygelus and Hermogenes. May the Lord give mercy to the house of Onesiphorus, because he often refreshed me and was not ashamed of my chain; but coming to be in Rome he earnestly sought me and found me — may the Lord grant him to find mercy from the Lord in that day — and how much he served in Ephesus, you know better. Οἶδας τοῦτο ὅτι ‘You know this, that’ · ἀπεστράφησάν με ‘turned away from me’ — the passive of Rom 11:26 ‘turn away’ · the object is me (accusative) · πάντες οἱ ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ ‘all those in Asia’ — the ‘all’ of Acts 19:10 ‘all who lived in Asia’ · whether all or a group the text does not say · Φύγελος καὶ Ἑρμογένης ‘Phygelus and Hermogenes’ — two names found only here. δῴη ἔλεος ὁ κύριος ‘May the Lord give mercy’ — optative · in the New Testament δῴη stands at Rom 15:5 · 2 Thess 3:16 · here v.16 · v.18 (four places) · τῷ Ὀνησιφόρου οἴκῳ ‘to the house of Onesiphorus’ — to the house, not the man · 4:19 also ‘the house of Onesiphorus’ · whether he is alive the text does not say · πολλάκις με ἀνέψυξεν ‘he often refreshed me’ — ἀναψύχω once in the New Testament · the verb of Acts 3:20 ἀνάψυξις ‘refreshing’ · τὴν ἅλυσίν μου οὐκ ἐπαισχύνθη ‘was not ashamed of my chain’ — the man who lived the command of v.8 · Acts 28:20 ‘this chain’ · Eph 6:20 ‘an envoy in a chain’ · γενόμενος ἐν Ῥώμῃ ‘coming to be in Rome’ · ⸀σπουδαίως ‘earnestly’ — the word of Luke 7:4 ‘begged him earnestly’ (the Received Text a comparative) · ἐζήτησέν με καὶ εὗρεν— ‘sought me and found me —’ — the two verbs of Matt 7:7 ‘seek, and you will find’ · the base text’s dash · δῴη αὐτῷ ὁ κύριος εὑρεῖν ἔλεος παρὰ κυρίου ‘may the Lord grant him to find mercy from the Lord’ — an interposed wish · κύριος twice (the Lord … from the Lord) · ‘find’ takes up v.17 ‘found’ · ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ‘in that day’ — taking up v.12 · after the second dash καὶ ὅσα ἐν Ἐφέσῳ διηκόνησεν ‘how much he served in Ephesus’ — 1 Tim 1:3 Ephesus · βέλτιον σὺ γινώσκεις ‘you know better’ — βέλτιον once in the New Testament (comparative adverb) · σύ expressed · better than what the text does not say.

Rendering options · 4

Adopted
“turned away from me” — the passive of ἀποστρέφω here

Basis The passive of Rom 11:26 ‘turn away’ (active, ungodliness) — people turning from a person · the accusative ‘me’ as ‘from me’.

“deserted me”

Basis The familiar rendering.

Rejected ‘Desert’ belongs to ἀφίημι · καταλείπω — the text has ‘turn away’.

Adopted
“to the house of Onesiphorus” — the house, not the man

Basis The text names the house twice (1:16 · 4:19) · whether he lives is not supplied.

Adopted
Two dashes — the interposed wish as in the base text

Basis εὗρεν— … ἡμέρᾳ— the base text’s dashes · v.17 continues into the second half of v.18.

Lost in translation

ἐζήτησέν … εὗρεν (v.17) / εὑρεῖν (v.18) — seek · find · find. ‘Sought / found / find’ keep the two verbs apart.

Survives in · this edition — 1 of the nine carry it (this language among them)

ὁ κύριος … παρὰ κυρίου (v.18) — Lord twice. ‘The Lord … from the Lord’ keeps both.

Survives in · this edition — 2 of the nine carry it (this language among them)

ἀνέψυξεν (v.16) / Acts 3:20 ἀνάψυξις — ‘refreshed / refreshing’ keep the root.

Survives in · this edition — 2 of the nine carry it (this language among them)

εὗρεν— … ἡμέρᾳ— (vv.17-18) — the base text’s two dashes. Kept.

Survives in · this edition — 2 of the nine carry it (this language among them)

βέλτιον σὺ γινώσκεις (v.18) — σύ expressed and a comparative. ‘You know better’ keeps the comparative; the pronoun is obligatory.

Survives in · this edition — 2 of the nine carry it (this language among them)

πάντες οἱ ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ (v.15) — everyone or a group. ‘All those’ leaves it open.

Survives in · this edition — 2 of the nine carry it (this language among them)