1
Ὡς δὲ ἐκρίθη τοῦ ἀποπλεῖν ἡμᾶς εἰς τὴν Ἰταλίαν, παρεδίδουν τόν τε Παῦλον καί τινας ἑτέρους δεσμώτας ἑκατοντάρχῃ ὀνόματι Ἰουλίῳ σπείρης Σεβαστῆς.
And when it was judged that we should sail away to Italy, they were handing over Paul and certain other prisoners to a commander of a hundred named Julius, of the Sebastos cohort.
2
ἐπιβάντες δὲ πλοίῳ Ἀδραμυττηνῷ ⸀μέλλοντι πλεῖν ⸀εἰς τοὺς κατὰ τὴν Ἀσίαν τόπους ἀνήχθημεν ὄντος σὺν ἡμῖν Ἀριστάρχου Μακεδόνος Θεσσαλονικέως·
And going on board a ship of Adramyttium about to sail to the places along Asia, we put out to sea, Aristarchus, a Macedonian, a Thessalonian, being with us.
3
τῇ τε ἑτέρᾳ κατήχθημεν εἰς Σιδῶνα, φιλανθρώπως τε ὁ Ἰούλιος τῷ Παύλῳ χρησάμενος ἐπέτρεψεν πρὸς τοὺς φίλους ⸀πορευθέντι ἐπιμελείας τυχεῖν.
And on the next day we put in at Sidon; and Julius, treating Paul in a way that loves men, allowed him to go to his friends and obtain care.
4
κἀκεῖθεν ἀναχθέντες ὑπεπλεύσαμεν τὴν Κύπρον διὰ τὸ τοὺς ἀνέμους εἶναι ἐναντίους,
And putting out to sea from there, we sailed under the lee of Cyprus, because the winds were against us,
5
τό τε πέλαγος τὸ κατὰ τὴν Κιλικίαν καὶ Παμφυλίαν διαπλεύσαντες κατήλθομεν εἰς Μύρα τῆς Λυκίας.
and sailing across the open sea along Cilicia and Pamphylia, we came down to Myra of Lycia.
6
κἀκεῖ εὑρὼν ὁ ⸀ἑκατοντάρχης πλοῖον Ἀλεξανδρῖνον πλέον εἰς τὴν Ἰταλίαν ἐνεβίβασεν ἡμᾶς εἰς αὐτό.
And there the commander of a hundred, finding an Alexandrian ship sailing to Italy, put us on board it.
7
ἐν ἱκαναῖς δὲ ἡμέραις βραδυπλοοῦντες καὶ μόλις γενόμενοι κατὰ τὴν Κνίδον, μὴ προσεῶντος ἡμᾶς τοῦ ἀνέμου, ὑπεπλεύσαμεν τὴν Κρήτην κατὰ Σαλμώνην,
And sailing slowly for many days and barely coming opposite Cnidus, the wind not allowing us further, we sailed under the lee of Crete off Salmone;
8
μόλις τε παραλεγόμενοι αὐτὴν ἤλθομεν εἰς τόπον τινὰ καλούμενον Καλοὺς Λιμένας ᾧ ἐγγὺς ⸂ἦν πόλις⸃ ⸀Λασαία.
and coasting along it barely we came to a certain place called Fair Harbours, near which was the city of Lasea.
9
Ἱκανοῦ δὲ χρόνου διαγενομένου καὶ ὄντος ἤδη ἐπισφαλοῦς τοῦ πλοὸς διὰ τὸ καὶ τὴν νηστείαν ἤδη παρεληλυθέναι, παρῄνει ὁ Παῦλος
And much time having passed, and the voyage being already dangerous because even the Fast had already gone by, Paul advised them,
10
λέγων αὐτοῖς· Ἄνδρες, θεωρῶ ὅτι μετὰ ὕβρεως καὶ πολλῆς ζημίας οὐ μόνον τοῦ φορτίου καὶ τοῦ πλοίου ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ψυχῶν ἡμῶν μέλλειν ἔσεσθαι τὸν πλοῦν.
saying to them, “Men, I observe that the voyage is about to be with injury and much loss, not only of the cargo and the ship but also of our lives.”
Why this rendering
Acts.27.10 Observation
Syntactic observation
μετὰ ὕβρεως καὶ πολλῆς ζημίας οὐ μόνον τοῦ φορτίου καὶ τοῦ πλοίου ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ψυχῶν ἡμῶν — with injury and much loss, not only of the cargo and the ship but also of our lives. ψυχή, life, comes three times in this chapter — v.10 our lives, v.22 no loss of life, v.37 two hundred and seventy-six lives. The third counts people (as 2:41, three thousand lives) — this edition keeps lives and does not paraphrase as persons. ὕβρις, injury, is repeated at v.21 and elsewhere in the New Testament only at 2 Cor 12:10 — one root with ὑβρίζω (insult, 14:5), but used of a ship it is not insult; this edition keeps injury and records the root as a loss. V.9 the Fast (ἡ νηστεία) has the article and no name — the convention reads it as the fast of the Day of Atonement, but the base text does not say so; this edition renders only the Fast. V.1 δεσμώτης, prisoner, occurs in the New Testament only in this chapter (vv.1, 42) and is a different word from δέσμιος (prisoner, 16:25; 23:18) — this language cannot keep them apart (recorded).
Rendering options · 1
Adopted “two hundred and seventy-six lives” — ψυχή as it stands
Basis The same count as 2:41, three thousand lives.
Lost in translation
δεσμώτης (27:1, 42) and δέσμιος (16:25; 23:18) are different Greek words — this language has one word, prisoner.
this edition — none of the nine carries it (measured)
11
ὁ δὲ ἑκατοντάρχης τῷ κυβερνήτῃ καὶ τῷ ναυκλήρῳ ⸂μᾶλλον ἐπείθετο⸃ ἢ τοῖς ⸀ὑπὸ Παύλου λεγομένοις.
But the commander of a hundred was persuaded by the helmsman and the shipowner rather than by the things said by Paul.
12
ἀνευθέτου δὲ τοῦ λιμένος ὑπάρχοντος πρὸς παραχειμασίαν οἱ πλείονες ἔθεντο βουλὴν ἀναχθῆναι ⸀ἐκεῖθεν, εἴ πως δύναιντο καταντήσαντες εἰς Φοίνικα παραχειμάσαι, λιμένα τῆς Κρήτης βλέποντα κατὰ λίβα καὶ κατὰ χῶρον.
And the harbour being unsuitable for wintering, the greater number set their purpose to put out to sea from there, if somehow they might be able to arrive at Phoenix and winter there — a harbour of Crete looking toward the south-west wind and toward the north-west wind.
13
Ὑποπνεύσαντος δὲ νότου δόξαντες τῆς προθέσεως κεκρατηκέναι ἄραντες ἆσσον παρελέγοντο τὴν Κρήτην.
And when a south wind blew gently, supposing they had taken hold of their purpose, weighing anchor they were coasting closer along Crete.
14
μετ’ οὐ πολὺ δὲ ἔβαλεν κατ’ αὐτῆς ἄνεμος τυφωνικὸς ὁ καλούμενος ⸀Εὐρακύλων·
But not long after, a tempestuous wind called Euraquilo beat down from it;
15
συναρπασθέντος δὲ τοῦ πλοίου καὶ μὴ δυναμένου ἀντοφθαλμεῖν τῷ ἀνέμῳ ἐπιδόντες ἐφερόμεθα.
and the ship being seized and not able to face the wind, giving way we were being carried along.
16
νησίον δέ τι ὑποδραμόντες καλούμενον ⸀Καῦδα ⸂ἰσχύσαμεν μόλις⸃ περικρατεῖς γενέσθαι τῆς σκάφης,
And running under the lee of a certain small island called Cauda, we were barely able to get control of the boat;
17
ἣν ἄραντες βοηθείαις ἐχρῶντο ὑποζωννύντες τὸ πλοῖον· φοβούμενοί τε μὴ εἰς τὴν Σύρτιν ἐκπέσωσιν, χαλάσαντες τὸ σκεῦος, οὕτως ἐφέροντο.
which they hoisted up and used helps, undergirding the ship; and fearing that they might fall upon the Syrtis, lowering the gear, so they were being carried along.
18
σφοδρῶς δὲ χειμαζομένων ἡμῶν τῇ ἑξῆς ἐκβολὴν ἐποιοῦντο,
And as we were being violently storm-tossed, on the next day they began to throw the cargo overboard,
19
καὶ τῇ τρίτῃ αὐτόχειρες τὴν σκευὴν τοῦ πλοίου ⸀ἔρριψαν.
and on the third day with their own hands they flung out the ship’s tackle.
20
μήτε δὲ ἡλίου μήτε ἄστρων ἐπιφαινόντων ἐπὶ πλείονας ἡμέρας, χειμῶνός τε οὐκ ὀλίγου ἐπικειμένου, λοιπὸν περιῃρεῖτο ⸂ἐλπὶς πᾶσα⸃ τοῦ σῴζεσθαι ἡμᾶς.
And when neither sun nor stars appeared for many days, and no small foul weather lay upon us, at last all hope of our being saved was being taken away.
21
Πολλῆς ⸀τε ἀσιτίας ὑπαρχούσης τότε σταθεὶς ὁ Παῦλος ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν εἶπεν· Ἔδει μέν, ὦ ἄνδρες, πειθαρχήσαντάς μοι μὴ ἀνάγεσθαι ἀπὸ τῆς Κρήτης κερδῆσαί τε τὴν ὕβριν ταύτην καὶ τὴν ζημίαν.
And when there had been long abstinence from food, then Paul, standing in their midst, said, “Men, you ought to have obeyed me and not put out to sea from Crete, and so gained this injury and loss.
22
καὶ τὰ νῦν παραινῶ ὑμᾶς εὐθυμεῖν, ἀποβολὴ γὰρ ψυχῆς οὐδεμία ἔσται ἐξ ὑμῶν πλὴν τοῦ πλοίου·
And now I advise you to take heart, for there will be no loss of life among you, only of the ship.
23
παρέστη γάρ μοι ταύτῃ τῇ ⸀νυκτὶ τοῦ θεοῦ, οὗ ⸀εἰμι, ᾧ καὶ λατρεύω, ⸀ἄγγελος
For there stood by me this night an angel of the God whose I am, whom also I serve,
24
λέγων· Μὴ φοβοῦ, Παῦλε· Καίσαρί σε δεῖ παραστῆναι, καὶ ἰδοὺ κεχάρισταί σοι ὁ θεὸς πάντας τοὺς πλέοντας μετὰ σοῦ.
saying, ‘Do not be afraid, Paul; you must stand before Caesar; and behold, God has granted you as a favour all those sailing with you.’
first here Caesar Καῖσαρ Kaisar
Why this rendering
Acts.27.24 Observation
Syntactic observation
Μὴ φοβοῦ, Παῦλε· Καίσαρί σε δεῖ παραστῆναι, καὶ ἰδοὺ κεχάρισταί σοι ὁ θεὸς πάντας τοὺς πλέοντας μετὰ σοῦ — do not be afraid, Paul; you must stand before Caesar; and behold, God has granted you as a favour all those sailing with you. κεχάρισται is the verb χαρίζομαι of 3:14 (a murderer granted to you) and 25:11, 16 (no one can hand me over to them as a favour) — with the governors’ word for handing over a man, God hands over two hundred and seventy-six lives to Paul. This edition joins the three places with one word. δεῖ, must, comes three times in the chapter — v.21 ought to have obeyed, v.24 must stand, v.26 must fall upon. V.23, an angel of the God whose I am, whom also I serve (τοῦ θεοῦ, οὗ εἰμι, ᾧ καὶ λατρεύω, ἄγγελος) — the base text’s order inserts two relative clauses between of the God and angel; this edition keeps the order. παρέστη, stood by, follows the site rule for angels (12:7; 23:11, the Lord stood by).
Rendering options · 1
Adopted “has granted you as a favour” — χαρίζομαι as at 3:14 and 25:11
Basis The governor’s word becomes God’s word — paraphrasing as spared would erase it.
25
διὸ εὐθυμεῖτε, ἄνδρες· πιστεύω γὰρ τῷ θεῷ ὅτι οὕτως ἔσται καθ’ ὃν τρόπον λελάληταί μοι.
Therefore take heart, men; for I believe God that it will be so, in the way it has been spoken to me.
26
εἰς νῆσον δέ τινα δεῖ ἡμᾶς ἐκπεσεῖν.
But we must fall upon a certain island.”
27
Ὡς δὲ τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτη νὺξ ἐγένετο διαφερομένων ἡμῶν ἐν τῷ Ἀδρίᾳ, κατὰ μέσον τῆς νυκτὸς ὑπενόουν οἱ ναῦται προσάγειν τινὰ αὐτοῖς χώραν.
And when the fourteenth night came, as we were being carried about in the Adriatic, about the middle of the night the sailors were supposing that some land was drawing near to them.
28
καὶ βολίσαντες εὗρον ὀργυιὰς εἴκοσι, βραχὺ δὲ διαστήσαντες καὶ πάλιν βολίσαντες εὗρον ὀργυιὰς δεκαπέντε·
And sounding they found twenty fathoms; and moving a little apart and sounding again they found fifteen fathoms;
29
φοβούμενοί τε ⸂μή που κατὰ⸃ τραχεῖς τόπους ἐκπέσωμεν ἐκ πρύμνης ῥίψαντες ἀγκύρας τέσσαρας ηὔχοντο ἡμέραν γενέσθαι.
and fearing that we might fall somewhere upon rough places, flinging four anchors from the stern they were praying for day to come.
30
τῶν δὲ ναυτῶν ζητούντων φυγεῖν ἐκ τοῦ πλοίου καὶ χαλασάντων τὴν σκάφην εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν προφάσει ὡς ἐκ πρῴρης ⸂ἀγκύρας μελλόντων⸃ ἐκτείνειν,
And as the sailors were seeking to flee from the ship and had lowered the boat into the sea, on the pretext that they were about to stretch out anchors from the bow,
31
εἶπεν ὁ Παῦλος τῷ ἑκατοντάρχῃ καὶ τοῖς στρατιώταις· Ἐὰν μὴ οὗτοι μείνωσιν ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ, ὑμεῖς σωθῆναι οὐ δύνασθε.
Paul said to the commander of a hundred and the soldiers, “Unless these stay in the ship, you cannot be saved.”
32
τότε ⸂ἀπέκοψαν οἱ στρατιῶται⸃ τὰ σχοινία τῆς σκάφης καὶ εἴασαν αὐτὴν ἐκπεσεῖν.
Then the soldiers cut off the cords of the boat and let it fall away.
33
Ἄχρι δὲ οὗ ⸂ἡμέρα ἤμελλεν⸃ γίνεσθαι παρεκάλει ὁ Παῦλος ἅπαντας μεταλαβεῖν τροφῆς λέγων· Τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτην σήμερον ἡμέραν προσδοκῶντες ἄσιτοι διατελεῖτε, μηθὲν προσλαβόμενοι·
And until day was about to come, Paul was urging them all to take sustenance, saying, “Today is the fourteenth day you have continued waiting without food, having taken nothing.
34
διὸ παρακαλῶ ὑμᾶς ⸀μεταλαβεῖν τροφῆς, τοῦτο γὰρ πρὸς τῆς ὑμετέρας σωτηρίας ὑπάρχει· οὐδενὸς γὰρ ὑμῶν θρὶξ ⸀ἀπὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς ⸀ἀπολεῖται.
Therefore I urge you to take sustenance, for this is for your salvation; for not a hair from the head of any of you will perish.”
Why this rendering
Acts.27.34 Observation
Syntactic observation
οὐδενὸς γὰρ ὑμῶν θρὶξ ἀπὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς ἀπολεῖται — for not a hair from the head of any of you will perish. The sentence of Luke 21:18, not a hair of your head will perish (θρὶξ ἐκ τῆς κεφαλῆς ὑμῶν οὐ μὴ ἀπόληται) — the promise Jesus made to disciples, Paul makes to two hundred and seventy-six. This edition renders both places with the same words. V.35, taking bread … gave thanks … breaking (λαβὼν ἄρτον εὐχαρίστησεν … κλάσας) — three of the four verbs of the Last Supper at Luke 22:19 (take, give thanks, break — only give is absent). The base text does not name this; neither does this edition. τροφή, sustenance, comes four times in vv.33-38 — as fixed at Matt 3:4 and 24:45. σωτηρία (salvation, v.34) and σῴζω (be saved, vv.20, 31) in this chapter mean surviving the sea — this edition keeps the one word, salvation, and does not switch to rescue.
Rendering options · 1
Adopted “not a hair from the head … will perish” — as Luke 21:18; “salvation” one word
Basis The sentence of promise and the word of salvation are kept at sea too.
35
⸀εἴπας δὲ ταῦτα καὶ λαβὼν ἄρτον εὐχαρίστησεν τῷ θεῷ ἐνώπιον πάντων καὶ κλάσας ἤρξατο ἐσθίειν.
And having said these things and taking bread, he gave thanks to God before all, and breaking it he began to eat.
36
εὔθυμοι δὲ γενόμενοι πάντες καὶ αὐτοὶ προσελάβοντο τροφῆς.
And all becoming of good heart, they themselves also took sustenance.
37
ἤμεθα δὲ ⸂αἱ πᾶσαι ψυχαὶ ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ⸃ ⸀διακόσιαι ἑβδομήκοντα ἕξ.
And we were, all the lives in the ship, two hundred and seventy-six.
38
κορεσθέντες ⸀δὲ τροφῆς ἐκούφιζον τὸ πλοῖον ἐκβαλλόμενοι τὸν σῖτον εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν.
And having been filled with sustenance, they were lightening the ship, throwing the wheat out into the sea.
39
Ὅτε δὲ ἡμέρα ἐγένετο, τὴν γῆν οὐκ ἐπεγίνωσκον, κόλπον δέ τινα κατενόουν ἔχοντα αἰγιαλὸν εἰς ὃν ⸀ἐβουλεύοντο εἰ ⸀δύναιντο ⸀ἐξῶσαι τὸ πλοῖον.
And when day came, they did not recognize the land, but they noticed a certain bay having a beach, onto which they took counsel, if they could, to push the ship.
40
καὶ τὰς ἀγκύρας περιελόντες εἴων εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν, ἅμα ἀνέντες τὰς ζευκτηρίας τῶν πηδαλίων, καὶ ἐπάραντες τὸν ἀρτέμωνα τῇ πνεούσῃ κατεῖχον εἰς τὸν αἰγιαλόν.
And taking away the anchors they let them go into the sea, at the same time loosing the bands of the rudders; and raising the foresail to the wind that was blowing, they were holding for the beach.
41
περιπεσόντες δὲ εἰς τόπον διθάλασσον ⸀ἐπέκειλαν τὴν ναῦν, καὶ ἡ μὲν πρῷρα ἐρείσασα ἔμεινεν ἀσάλευτος, ἡ δὲ πρύμνα ἐλύετο ὑπὸ τῆς ⸀βίας.
But falling upon a place between two seas they ran the vessel aground; and the bow, sticking fast, remained unshaken, but the stern was being broken up by the force.
42
τῶν δὲ στρατιωτῶν βουλὴ ἐγένετο ἵνα τοὺς δεσμώτας ἀποκτείνωσιν, μή τις ἐκκολυμβήσας διαφύγῃ·
And the soldiers’ purpose was that they should kill the prisoners, lest any should swim out and escape;
43
ὁ δὲ ⸀ἑκατοντάρχης βουλόμενος διασῶσαι τὸν Παῦλον ἐκώλυσεν αὐτοὺς τοῦ βουλήματος, ἐκέλευσέν τε τοὺς δυναμένους κολυμβᾶν ἀπορίψαντας πρώτους ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν ἐξιέναι,
but the commander of a hundred, wanting to bring Paul safely through, prevented them from their intention, and ordered those able to swim to throw themselves off first and get out onto the land,
44
καὶ τοὺς λοιποὺς οὓς μὲν ἐπὶ σανίσιν οὓς δὲ ἐπί τινων τῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ πλοίου· καὶ οὕτως ἐγένετο πάντας διασωθῆναι ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν.
and the rest, some on planks and some on some of the things from the ship. And so it came to pass that all were brought safely through onto the land.