1
Καὶ ἦλθον εἰς τὸ πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης εἰς τὴν χώραν τῶν ⸀Γερασηνῶν.
And they came to the other side of the sea, into the country of the Gerasenes.
Gerasenes — the manuscripts differ between Gerasenes, Gadarenes and Gergesenes. This edition follows its base text.
first here Gerasenes Γερασηνός Gerasēnos
pronoun they = Jesus and the disciples
2
καὶ ⸂ἐξελθόντος αὐτοῦ⸃ ἐκ τοῦ πλοίου ⸂εὐθὺς ὑπήντησεν⸃ αὐτῷ ἐκ τῶν μνημείων ἄνθρωπος ἐν πνεύματι ἀκαθάρτῳ,
And as he came out of the boat, at once there met him out of the tombs a man with an unclean spirit,
Out of the tombs — the man is placed among the dead before anything else is said of him.
pronoun he = Jesus
pronoun him = Jesus
3
ὃς τὴν κατοίκησιν εἶχεν ἐν τοῖς μνήμασιν, καὶ ⸂οὐδὲ ἁλύσει οὐκέτι⸃ οὐδεὶς ἐδύνατο αὐτὸν δῆσαι
who had his dwelling among the sepulchres; and no one could bind him any longer, not even with a chain,
Dwelling (κατοίκησις, katoikēsis) is used once in the four Gospels.
pronoun who = the man
pronoun his = the man
pronoun him = the man
4
διὰ τὸ αὐτὸν πολλάκις πέδαις καὶ ἁλύσεσι δεδέσθαι καὶ διεσπάσθαι ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ τὰς ἁλύσεις καὶ τὰς πέδας συντετρῖφθαι, καὶ οὐδεὶς ⸂ἴσχυεν αὐτὸν⸃ δαμάσαι·
because he had often been bound with shackles and chains, and the chains had been torn apart by him and the shackles shattered; and no one had the strength to subdue him.
Torn apart and shattered — the writer piles the verbs up.
pronoun he = the man
pronoun him = the man
5
καὶ διὰ παντὸς νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας ἐν τοῖς ⸂μνήμασιν καὶ ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσιν⸃ ἦν κράζων καὶ κατακόπτων ἑαυτὸν λίθοις.
And through it all, night and day, among the sepulchres and in the mountains, he was crying out and cutting himself with stones.
Cutting himself with stones — only this book records it.
pronoun it = the whole time
pronoun he = the man
pronoun himself = the man
6
⸂καὶ ἰδὼν⸃ τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἀπὸ μακρόθεν ἔδραμεν καὶ προσεκύνησεν ⸀αὐτόν,
And seeing Jesus from afar, he ran and fell down before him,
Fell down before him — the same gesture the unclean spirits make at 3:11.
first here Jesus Ἰησοῦς Iēsous
pronoun he = the man
pronoun him = Jesus
7
καὶ κράξας φωνῇ μεγάλῃ ⸀λέγει· Τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί, Ἰησοῦ υἱὲ τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ὑψίστου; ὁρκίζω σε τὸν θεόν, μή με βασανίσῃς.
and crying out with a loud voice he says, “What to me and to you, Jesus, Son of the Most High God? I adjure you by God, do not torment me.”
What to me and to you is the Semitic turn of 1:24, kept word for word. I adjure you by God — the demon uses the language of exorcism against the exorcist.
pronoun he = the man
pronoun me = the unclean spirit
pronoun you = Jesus
pronoun I = the unclean spirit
8
ἔλεγεν γὰρ αὐτῷ· Ἔξελθε τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἀκάθαρτον ἐκ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου.
For he was saying to him, “Come out of the man, unclean spirit.”
The writer puts the command after the cry, to explain it — the order in the telling is not the order of events.
pronoun he = Jesus
pronoun him = the unclean spirit
9
καὶ ἐπηρώτα αὐτόν· Τί ⸂ὄνομά σοι⸃; καὶ ⸂λέγει αὐτῷ⸃· ⸀Λεγιὼν ὄνομά μοι, ὅτι πολλοί ἐσμεν·
And he was asking him, “What is your name?” And he says to him, “My name is Legion, for we are many.”
Legion is a Latin word kept as sound. A legion counted some thousands of soldiers.
pronoun he = Jesus — “he says to him” is the man
pronoun him = the man
pronoun your = the unclean spirit
pronoun My = the unclean spirit
pronoun we = the unclean spirits
Why this rendering
Mark.5.9 Observation
Syntactic observation
Λεγιών is the Latin legio, a legion — five to six thousand men — written in Greek letters. Like πραιτώριον at John 18:28, a Roman military-administrative word enters by transliteration; here it becomes a demon's name. And the sentence disagrees in number — the name is singular (Λεγιὼν ὄνομά μοι) while the reason is plural (πολλοί ἐσμεν, we are many). Singular and plural from one mouth. The setting is the Decapolis, where Roman troops were stationed. SBLGNT marks a variant in this verse (⸂ὄνομά σοι⸃; ⸂λέγει αὐτῷ⸃· ⸀Λεγιὼν).
Rendering options · 2
Adopted My name is Legion, for we are many.
Basis Keeps the transliteration and the number clash as they stand — the treatment of praetorium at John 18:28.
My name is Army
Basis Renders the sense.
Rejected Army in general erases the specific Roman institution — a demon bearing a legion's name in occupied country.
Lost in translation
the Romanness of the word Legion is English’s own word for the Roman unit, so the occupier’s resonance crosses with the word itself — the name of the possessing power stands in the man’s answer.
Survives in · this edition — 6 of the nine carry it (this language among them)
10
καὶ παρεκάλει αὐτὸν πολλὰ ἵνα μὴ ⸀αὐτὰ ἀποστείλῃ ἔξω τῆς χώρας.
And he was begging him earnestly not to send them out of the country.
Out of the country — the begging is to stay in the place, not to be spared.
pronoun he = the unclean spirit
pronoun him = Jesus
pronoun them = the unclean spirits
11
ἦν δὲ ἐκεῖ πρὸς τῷ ὄρει ἀγέλη χοίρων μεγάλη βοσκομένη·
Now a great herd of pigs was there, feeding near the mountain.
Pigs place the scene outside Jewish country without the writer having to say so.
12
καὶ παρεκάλεσαν ⸀αὐτὸν λέγοντες· Πέμψον ἡμᾶς εἰς τοὺς χοίρους, ἵνα εἰς αὐτοὺς εἰσέλθωμεν.
And they begged him, saying, “Send us into the pigs, so that we may enter into them.”
Send us — the request uses the word used of sending out the twelve at 6:7.
pronoun they = the unclean spirits
pronoun him = Jesus
pronoun us = the unclean spirits
pronoun we = the unclean spirits
pronoun them = the pigs
13
καὶ ἐπέτρεψεν ⸀αὐτοῖς. καὶ ἐξελθόντα τὰ πνεύματα τὰ ἀκάθαρτα εἰσῆλθον εἰς τοὺς χοίρους, καὶ ὥρμησεν ἡ ἀγέλη κατὰ τοῦ κρημνοῦ εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν, ⸀ὡς δισχίλιοι, καὶ ἐπνίγοντο ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ.
And he permitted them. And coming out, the unclean spirits entered into the pigs; and the herd rushed down the steep bank into the sea, about two thousand, and they were being choked in the sea.
Choked here is πνίγω (pnigō), the bare root; 4:7 had the prefixed form. English cannot carry the difference in the verb itself — recorded as a loss.
pronoun he = Jesus
pronoun them = the unclean spirits
pronoun they = the pigs
14
⸂Καὶ οἱ⸃ βόσκοντες ⸀αὐτοὺς ἔφυγον καὶ ⸀ἀπήγγειλαν εἰς τὴν πόλιν καὶ εἰς τοὺς ἀγρούς· καὶ ⸀ἦλθον ἰδεῖν τί ἐστιν τὸ γεγονός.
And those feeding them fled and reported it in the city and in the fields; and people came to see what it was that had happened.
Those feeding them — the herdsmen carry the news, not the disciples.
pronoun them = the pigs
pronoun it = what had happened
15
καὶ ἔρχονται πρὸς τὸν Ἰησοῦν, καὶ θεωροῦσιν τὸν δαιμονιζόμενον ⸀καθήμενον ἱματισμένον καὶ σωφρονοῦντα, τὸν ἐσχηκότα τὸν ⸀λεγιῶνα, καὶ ἐφοβήθησαν.
And they come to Jesus and observe the demon-possessed man sitting, clothed and in his right mind — the man who had had the legion — and they were afraid.
In his right mind renders one verb (σωφρονέω, sōphroneō); it is set against out of his mind at 3:21.
pronoun they = the people of the city — the second “they” is the same
pronoun his = the man
16
⸂καὶ διηγήσαντο⸃ αὐτοῖς οἱ ἰδόντες πῶς ἐγένετο τῷ δαιμονιζομένῳ καὶ περὶ τῶν χοίρων.
And those who had seen it recounted to them how it had happened to the demon-possessed man, and about the pigs.
And about the pigs — the writer keeps the loss in the report.
pronoun it = what had happened
pronoun them = the people who came
17
καὶ ἤρξαντο παρακαλεῖν αὐτὸν ἀπελθεῖν ἀπὸ τῶν ὁρίων αὐτῶν.
And they began to beg him to go away from their region.
The healing ends in a request to leave.
pronoun they = the people of the region
pronoun him = Jesus
pronoun their = the people of the region
18
καὶ ⸀ἐμβαίνοντος αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸ πλοῖον παρεκάλει αὐτὸν ὁ δαιμονισθεὶς ἵνα ⸂μετ’ αὐτοῦ ᾖ⸃.
And as he was getting into the boat, the man who had been demon-possessed was begging him that he might be with him.
That he might be with him — the phrase of 3:14, said of the twelve.
pronoun he = Jesus
pronoun him = the man who had been demon-possessed — “with him” is Jesus
19
⸀καὶ οὐκ ἀφῆκεν αὐτόν, ἀλλὰ λέγει αὐτῷ· Ὕπαγε εἰς τὸν οἶκόν σου πρὸς τοὺς σούς, καὶ ⸀ἀπάγγειλον αὐτοῖς ὅσα ⸂ὁ κύριός σοι⸃ πεποίηκεν καὶ ἠλέησέν σε.
And he did not allow him, but says to him, “Go to your house, to your own people, and report to them all that the Lord has done for you, and that he had mercy on you.”
The Lord — the man is sent to say “the Lord”, and verse 20 says he said “Jesus”.
pronoun he = Jesus
pronoun him = the man
pronoun your = the man
pronoun them = his own people
pronoun you = the man
20
καὶ ἀπῆλθεν καὶ ἤρξατο κηρύσσειν ἐν τῇ Δεκαπόλει ὅσα ἐποίησεν αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς, καὶ πάντες ἐθαύμαζον.
And he went away and began to proclaim in the Decapolis all that Jesus had done for him, and all were marvelling.
Decapolis names a group of ten cities and is kept as sound. The man is not silenced, as others in this book are.
first here Decapolis Δεκάπολις Dekapolis
pronoun he = the man
pronoun him = the man
21
Καὶ διαπεράσαντος τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ πάλιν εἰς τὸ πέραν συνήχθη ὄχλος πολὺς ἐπ’ αὐτόν, καὶ ἦν παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν.
And when Jesus had crossed over again in the boat to the other side, a great crowd gathered to him, and he was beside the sea.
The crossing back puts two healings into one movement — the chapter braids them.
pronoun him = Jesus
pronoun he = Jesus
22
⸀καὶ ἔρχεται εἷς τῶν ἀρχισυναγώγων, ὀνόματι Ἰάϊρος, καὶ ἰδὼν αὐτὸν πίπτει πρὸς τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ
And one of the synagogue rulers comes, Jairus by name; and seeing him, he falls at his feet
Synagogue ruler (ἀρχισυνάγωγος, archisynagōgos) is one office word; Matthew 9:18 says only “a ruler”.
first here Jairus Ἰάϊρος Iairos
pronoun him = Jesus
pronoun he = Jairus
pronoun his = Jesus
23
καὶ ⸀παρακαλεῖ αὐτὸν πολλὰ λέγων ὅτι Τὸ θυγάτριόν μου ἐσχάτως ἔχει, ἵνα ἐλθὼν ἐπιθῇς ⸂τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῇ⸃ ⸀ἵνα σωθῇ καὶ ⸀ζήσῃ.
and begs him earnestly, saying, “My little daughter is at the point of death. Come and lay your hands on her, so that she may be saved and live.”
Little daughter is a diminutive (θυγάτριον, thygatrion); English must add “little”. Saved and live are two verbs, and the first is the word of verse 34.
pronoun him = Jesus
pronoun My = Jairus
pronoun your = Jesus
pronoun her = the little daughter
pronoun she = the little daughter
24
καὶ ἀπῆλθεν μετ’ αὐτοῦ. Καὶ ἠκολούθει αὐτῷ ὄχλος πολύς, καὶ συνέθλιβον αὐτόν.
And he went with him. And a great crowd was following him, and they were pressing upon him.
Pressing upon is the verb of 3:9 — the crowd is a weight in this book.
pronoun he = Jesus
pronoun him = Jairus — “following him … pressing upon him” is Jesus
pronoun they = the crowd
25
καὶ ⸀γυνὴ οὖσα ἐν ῥύσει αἵματος ⸂δώδεκα ἔτη⸃
And a woman who had had a flow of blood twelve years,
Twelve years — the same number as the girl's age in verse 42.
26
καὶ πολλὰ παθοῦσα ὑπὸ πολλῶν ἰατρῶν καὶ δαπανήσασα τὰ παρ’ αὐτῆς πάντα καὶ μηδὲν ὠφεληθεῖσα ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον εἰς τὸ χεῖρον ἐλθοῦσα,
and had suffered much under many physicians and spent all she had, and was no better but rather had come to worse,
Under many physicians — only this book says the doctors made it worse.
pronoun she = the woman
27
⸀ἀκούσασα περὶ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ, ἐλθοῦσα ἐν τῷ ὄχλῳ ὄπισθεν ἥψατο τοῦ ἱματίου αὐτοῦ·
hearing about Jesus, came in the crowd from behind and touched his garment.
From behind — she does not ask, as Jairus did.
pronoun his = Jesus
28
ἔλεγεν γὰρ ὅτι ⸂Ἐὰν ἅψωμαι κἂν τῶν ἱματίων αὐτοῦ⸃ σωθήσομαι.
For she was saying, “If I touch even his garments, I will be saved.”
I will be saved is the same verb as verse 23 and verse 34.
pronoun she = the woman
pronoun I = the woman
pronoun his = Jesus
29
καὶ ⸀εὐθὺς ἐξηράνθη ἡ πηγὴ τοῦ αἵματος αὐτῆς, καὶ ἔγνω τῷ σώματι ὅτι ἴαται ἀπὸ τῆς μάστιγος.
And at once the spring of her blood was dried up, and she knew in her body that she was healed of the scourge.
Scourge (μάστιξ, mastix) is the whip-word of 3:10 — an illness felt as a blow.
pronoun her = the woman
pronoun she = the woman
30
καὶ ⸀εὐθὺς ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐπιγνοὺς ἐν ἑαυτῷ τὴν ἐξ αὐτοῦ δύναμιν ἐξελθοῦσαν ἐπιστραφεὶς ἐν τῷ ὄχλῳ ἔλεγεν· Τίς μου ἥψατο τῶν ἱματίων;
And at once Jesus, knowing in himself that power had gone out of him, turning in the crowd was saying, “Who touched my garments?”
Power had gone out of him — the writer says he knew it in himself, and asks anyway.
pronoun himself = Jesus
pronoun him = Jesus
pronoun my = Jesus
Why this rendering
Mark.5.30 Observation
Syntactic observation
τὴν ἐξ αὐτοῦ δύναμιν ἐξελθοῦσαν — he knew that power had gone out of him. The power moves like a subject: he did not wield it; it went out and he perceived it. ἅπτω, to touch, runs four times through the passage (vv.27, 28, 30, 31) — the woman's hand on the garment is the hinge. Her inner speech at v.28 is σωθήσομαι, I shall be σῴζω-ed, the verb repeated at v.23 (Jairus) and v.34. Matthew's parallel (9:22) lacks the going-out sentence altogether; only Mark and Luke write it. SBLGNT marks a variant in this verse (⸀εὐθὺς).
Rendering options · 2
Adopted And at once Jesus, knowing in himself that power had gone out of him, turning in the crowd was saying, “Who touched my garments?”
Basis Keeps the structure of the power going out.
aware that he had exercised power
Basis Renders it as his act.
Rejected It inverts the sentence: Mark writes that power went out and that Jesus perceived it. The order of act and perception is what the verse says.
Lost in translation
the double sense of σῴζω σῴζω at vv.23, 28, 34 is both to be healed and to be saved. English must choose per context, and at v.34 — your faith has σέσωκέν you — either choice loses the other.
Survives in · this edition — 9 of the nine carry it (this language among them)
31
καὶ ἔλεγον αὐτῷ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ· Βλέπεις τὸν ὄχλον συνθλίβοντά σε, καὶ λέγεις· Τίς μου ἥψατο;
And his disciples were saying to him, “You see the crowd pressing upon you, and you say, ‘Who touched me?’”
The disciples answer the question by refusing it.
pronoun his = Jesus
pronoun him = Jesus
pronoun You = Jesus
pronoun you = Jesus — both times
pronoun me = Jesus
32
καὶ περιεβλέπετο ἰδεῖν τὴν τοῦτο ποιήσασαν.
And he was looking around to see the woman who had done this.
Looking around is this book's gesture, as at 3:5 and 3:34.
pronoun he = Jesus
pronoun this = the touching
33
ἡ δὲ γυνὴ φοβηθεῖσα καὶ τρέμουσα, εἰδυῖα ὃ γέγονεν ⸀αὐτῇ, ἦλθεν καὶ προσέπεσεν αὐτῷ καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ πᾶσαν τὴν ἀλήθειαν.
But the woman, fearing and trembling, knowing what had happened to her, came and fell down before him and told him the whole truth.
The whole truth — the Greek says all the truth, and the writer does not report it.
pronoun her = the woman
pronoun him = Jesus — both times
34
ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτῇ· ⸀Θυγάτηρ, ἡ πίστις σου σέσωκέν σε· ὕπαγε εἰς εἰρήνην, καὶ ἴσθι ὑγιὴς ἀπὸ τῆς μάστιγός σου.
And he said to her, “Daughter, your faith has saved you. Go into peace, and be well from your scourge.”
Daughter — he gives her the word Jairus used of his own child. Go into peace keeps the Greek preposition, which is not “in peace”.
pronoun he = Jesus
pronoun her = the woman
pronoun your = the woman — both times
pronoun you = the woman
Why this rendering
Mark.5.34 Observation
Syntactic observation
Θυγάτηρ — daughter. The only place in the Gospels where Jesus calls a woman daughter. And the chapter is woven of daughter-words: Jairus says my θυγάτριον, little daughter (v.23); at v.35 comes your θυγάτηρ has died; and between them the unnamed woman is called Θυγάτηρ. The woman ill twelve years (v.25) and the girl of twelve (v.42) overlap in number too. σέσωκέν is perfect — has saved, and it stands so. μάστιξ, a whip, is the word used for the affliction (vv.29, 34). SBLGNT marks a variant in this verse (⸀Θυγάτηρ,).
Rendering options · 2
Adopted Daughter, your faith has saved you. Go into peace, and be well from your scourge.
Basis Keeps σῴζω as saved and μάστιξ as scourge, holding the double sense and the image.
Daughter, your faith has healed you; be freed from your disease.
Basis Renders by the healing context.
Rejected Healed narrows away the salvation in σῴζω, and disease dissolves the whip in μάστιξ. What she stole toward was healing; the word he pronounces is the larger one — the gap is the sentence's point.
Lost in translation
the weave of θυγάτριον and θυγάτηρ Jairus' little daughter and Jesus' Daughter divide as diminutive and base form. English can carry it partly with little daughter and Daughter, but no version marks that the nameless woman is called by the same word as the ruler's daughter.
Survives in · this edition — 4 of the nine carry it (not this language)
35
Ἔτι αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος ἔρχονται ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀρχισυναγώγου λέγοντες ὅτι Ἡ θυγάτηρ σου ἀπέθανεν· τί ἔτι σκύλλεις τὸν διδάσκαλον;
While he was still speaking, they come from the synagogue ruler's house, saying, “Your daughter died. Why trouble the Teacher any further?”
The news arrives in the middle of the other healing — the braid is pulled tight here.
pronoun he = Jesus
pronoun they = those from the house
pronoun Your = the synagogue ruler
36
ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς ⸀παρακούσας τὸν λόγον λαλούμενον λέγει τῷ ἀρχισυναγώγῳ· Μὴ φοβοῦ, μόνον πίστευε.
But Jesus, overhearing the word being spoken, says to the synagogue ruler, “Do not fear; only keep believing.”
Overhearing renders a reading the manuscripts differ over; the other is “ignoring”. Keep believing is a present imperative — go on believing.
Why this rendering
Mark.5.36 Hypothesis
Syntactic observation
παρακούσας — παρά with ἀκούω, a word that reads both as overhearing and as ignoring, refusing to hear. SBLGNT marks it (⸀); the alternative is plain ἀκούσας, hearing. Whether Jesus overheard the word she is dead or ignored it hangs on one word, and the manuscripts divide. μόνον πίστευε — present imperative: only keep believing. It pairs with do you not yet have faith at 4:40. And Μὴ φοβοῦ is the present prohibition — stop the fearing already begun (the grammar established at John 20:17). SBLGNT marks a variant in this verse (⸀παρακούσας).
Rendering options · 2
Adopted But Jesus, overhearing the word being spoken, says to the synagogue ruler, “Do not fear; only keep believing.”
Basis Takes overhearing in the text, recording the ignoring reading in the observation, and keeps the present imperative's continuance.
But Jesus, ignoring what they said
Basis Takes the ignoring side, as ESV and NIV.
Rejected Both readings stand and the manuscripts divide; we choose one without erasing the other. Ignoring is the stronger fit, but the variant's alternative (ἀκούσας) sits on the hearing side, and continuity was preferred.
Lost in translation
the two faces of παρακούω Overhearing and refusing to hear are one word. The versions split down the middle, and neither side notes the other reading.
this edition — none of the nine carries it (measured)
37
καὶ οὐκ ἀφῆκεν οὐδένα ⸂μετ’ αὐτοῦ⸃ συνακολουθῆσαι εἰ μὴ ⸀τὸν Πέτρον καὶ Ἰάκωβον καὶ Ἰωάννην τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἰακώβου.
And he did not allow anyone to follow along with him except Peter and James and John the brother of James.
The three named here are the three of 9:2 and 14:33.
first here Peter Πέτρος Petros
first here James Ἰάκωβος Iakōbos
first here John Ἰωάννης Iōannēs
pronoun he = Jesus
pronoun him = Jesus
38
καὶ ⸀ἔρχονται εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ ἀρχισυναγώγου, καὶ θεωρεῖ θόρυβον ⸀καὶ κλαίοντας καὶ ἀλαλάζοντας πολλά,
And they come into the house of the synagogue ruler, and he observes an uproar, and people weeping and lamenting loudly.
Wailing and lamenting are two different verbs, and this edition keeps them apart.
pronoun they = Jesus and the three
pronoun he = Jesus
39
καὶ εἰσελθὼν λέγει αὐτοῖς· Τί θορυβεῖσθε καὶ κλαίετε; τὸ παιδίον οὐκ ἀπέθανεν ἀλλὰ καθεύδει.
And entering he says to them, “Why are you in commotion and weeping? The child did not die but is sleeping.”
Is sleeping — the same double sense as at John 11:11.
pronoun he = Jesus
pronoun them = those in the house
pronoun you = those in the house
40
καὶ κατεγέλων αὐτοῦ. ⸀αὐτὸς δὲ ἐκβαλὼν πάντας παραλαμβάνει τὸν πατέρα τοῦ παιδίου καὶ τὴν μητέρα καὶ τοὺς μετ’ αὐτοῦ, καὶ εἰσπορεύεται ὅπου ἦν τὸ ⸀παιδίον·
And they were laughing at him. But he, having driven them all out, takes along the father of the child and the mother and those with him, and goes in where the child was.
Driven them all out uses the demon-verb of 1:34 — here it is mourners who are put out.
pronoun they = those in the house
pronoun him = Jesus
pronoun he = Jesus
pronoun them = those in the house
41
καὶ κρατήσας τῆς χειρὸς τοῦ παιδίου λέγει αὐτῇ· Ταλιθα ⸀κουμ, ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον· Τὸ κοράσιον, σοὶ λέγω, ⸀ἔγειρε.
And taking hold of the child's hand he says to her, “Talitha koum” — which translated is, “Little girl, I say to you, rise.”
Talitha koum is Aramaic, kept as sound and translated in the same line. The base text reads koum; most versions read koumi.
pronoun he = Jesus
pronoun her = the child
pronoun which = the words Talitha koum
pronoun I = Jesus
pronoun you = the little girl
Why this rendering
Mark.5.41 Observation
Syntactic observation
Ταλιθα κουμ — Aramaic written as sound. And ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον — the author's translation note, which translated is. μεθερμηνεύω is the verb fixed at John 1:38 and 41 — the two books of the four Gospels use one device in one word. Mark keeps Jesus' Aramaic in sound several times (5:41; 7:34 Ephphatha; 14:36 Abba; 15:34 Eloi); the parallels in Matthew and Luke erase it. And σοὶ λέγω, I say to you, is not in the Aramaic — the trace of a translator choosing words. SBLGNT marks a variant in this verse (⸀κουμ, ⸀ἔγειρε.).
Rendering options · 2
Adopted And taking hold of the child's hand he says to her, “Talitha koum” — which translated is, “Little girl, I say to you, rise.”
Basis Keeps the Aramaic in sound and sets the note as a sentence, per the chapter-1 principle — no parentheses.
he said, “Little girl, rise.”
Basis Drops the Aramaic and renders the sense.
Rejected That is what Matthew and Luke already did. Mark kept the sound because the sound was part of the tradition; dropping it also drops the fact that the author is translating — the very thing this project marks.
Lost in translation
the spoken language of Jesus The Gospel is Greek but Jesus spoke Aramaic, and Mark's few transliterations are rare windows on that layer. Each translation adds one more — Aramaic to Greek to English. The verse displays its own layering.
Survives in · 개역한글† / King James 1769 / New American Standard (1995)† / English Standard Version† / New English Translation† / New International Version (2011)† / Vulgata Clementina / Elberfelder 1871 / Синодальный перевод / 新共同訳聖書 (1987)† / Peshitta / Delitzsch Hebrew NT (1877) / Salkinson-Ginsburg 1885 / this edition — 9 of the nine carry it (this language among them)
42
καὶ ⸀εὐθὺς ἀνέστη τὸ κοράσιον καὶ περιεπάτει, ἦν γὰρ ἐτῶν δώδεκα. καὶ ἐξέστησαν ⸁εὐθὺς ἐκστάσει μεγάλῃ.
And at once the little girl rose and was walking, for she was twelve years old. And at once they were amazed with a great amazement.
Amazed with a great amazement keeps the Greek doubling, as feared a great fear did at 4:41.
pronoun she = the little girl
pronoun they = those in the house
43
καὶ διεστείλατο αὐτοῖς πολλὰ ἵνα μηδεὶς γνοῖ τοῦτο, καὶ εἶπεν δοθῆναι αὐτῇ φαγεῖν.
And he strictly ordered them that no one should know this, and he said that something be given her to eat.
Something be given her to eat — the last word of the scene is about a meal.
pronoun he = Jesus
pronoun them = those in the house
pronoun this = what had happened
pronoun her = the little girl